(because we are often aware of our facia
Lesson 2 Identifying main ideas
1、 问题:To identify the main idea of a paragraph， we can look for __.
选项：
A:the topic sentence
B:repeated key words
C:examples
D:questions asked by the author
答案: 【the topic sentence;
repeated key words】
2、 问题:To identifying the main idea of a text， we can __.
选项：
A:look for topic sentences， key words and repeated information
B:look at titles and subtitles of the text
C:read the introductory and concluding paragraphs
D:look for the questions raised by the author
答案: 【look for topic sentences， key words and repeated information;
look at titles and subtitles of the text;
read the introductory and concluding paragraphs】
3、 问题:When the main ideas are implied， we can take some steps to find the implied main ideas including__.
选项：
A:read the text
B:find out the common bond among the details
C:spot the supporting evidence
D:summarize the bond and the author’s points about the bond
答案: 【read the text;
find out the common bond among the details;
summarize the bond and the author’s points about the bond】
4、 问题:The main idea is the brief， not all-encompassing summary.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】
5、 问题:The main idea is always contained in the first or the last sentence of a paragraph.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】
Lesson 2 Scanning
1、 问题:Read the passage "The Discovery of X-rays" quickly and choose the paragraph(s) which contain(s) the answer(s). You may choose more than one answer for question 3. The Discovery of X-rays Par. 1 Except for a brief description of the Compton effect， and a few other remarks， we have postponed the discussion of X-rays until the present chapter because it is particularly convenient to treat X-ray spectra after treating optical spectra. Although this ordering may have given the reader a distorted impression of the historical importance of X-rays， this impression will be corrected shortly as we describe the crucial role played by X-rays in the development of modern physics.Par. 2 X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Roentgen while studying the phenomena of gaseous discharge. Using a cathode ray tube with a high voltage of several tens of kilovolts， he noticed that salts of barium would fluoresce when brought near the tube， although nothing visible was emitted by the tube. This effect persisted when the tube was wrapped with a layer of black cardboard. Roentgen soon established that the agency responsible for the fluorescence originated at the point at which the stream of energetic electrons struck the glass wall of the tube. Because of its unknown nature， he gave this agency the name X-rays. He found that X-rays could manifest themselves by darkening wrapped photographic plates， discharging charged electroscopes， as well as by causing fluorescence in a number of different substances. He also found that X-rays can penetrate considerable thicknesses of materials of low atomic number， whereas substances of high atomic number are relatively opaque. Roentgen took the first steps in identifying the nature of X-rays by using a system of slits to show that (1) they travel in straight lines， and that (2) they are uncharged， because they are not deflected by electric or magnetic fields.Par. 3 The discovery of X-rays aroused the interest of all physicists， and
选项：
A:Par. 1
B:Par. 2
C:Par. 3
D:Par. 4
E:Par. 5
答案: 【Par. 2】
2、 问题:Who discovered X-rays?
选项：
A:Par. 1
B:Par. 2
C:Par. 3
D:Par. 4
E:Par. 5
答案: 【Par. 2】
3、 问题:What are the four characteristics of X-rays?
选项：
A:Par. 1
B:Par. 2
C:Par. 3
D:Par. 4
E:Par. 5
答案: 【Par. 2;
Par. 3】
【作业】Lesson 2 Responding to Reading
1、 问题:The passage can be divided into two parts. What is the main idea of each part? And what is the purpose for writing each part of the text?
评分规则: 【 Main idea of Part 1: The link between migration and economic factors.
Main idea of Part 2: The effects of migration on receiving and sending countries.
Purpsoe of Part 1: Informing the readers of the background information.
Purpose of Part 2: Analyzing the effects of migration.
】
Lesson 2 Skimming
1、 问题:Go through the passage “Body Language” within 1 minute， and answer the question that follows. (Tips: Read the first sentence of each paragraph.)Body Language What does scientific literature tell us about the idea that body language reflects our real feelings? One experiment carried out about 10 years ago by Ross Buck from Carnegie-Mellon University in Pennsylvania suggests that spontaneous facial expression is not a very good index of real emotional state. Buck and his colleagues tested the accuracy with which people could identify the emotions felt by another person. They presented one set of subjects with color slides involving a variety of emotionally-loaded visual stimuli – such as "scenic" slides (landscapes， etc)， "maternal" slides (mothers and young children)， disgusting slides (severe facial injuries and burns) and unusual slides (art objects). Unknown to these subjects， they were being televised and viewed by another matched set of subjects， who were asked to decide， on the basis of the televised facial expressions， which of the four sets of slides had just been viewed. This experiment involved both male and female pairs， but no pairs comprising both men and women; that is men observed only men， and women observed women. Buck found that the female pairs correctly identified almost 40 per cent of the slides used – this was above the level which would be predicted by chance alone. (Chance level is 25 per cent here， as there were four classes of slide). But male pairs correctly identified only 28 per cent of slides – not significantly above chance level. In other words， this study suggests that facial expression is not a very good index of "real" feeling – and in the case of men watching and interpreting other men， is almost useless.Paul Ekman from the University of California has conducted a long series of experiments on nonverbal leakage (or how nonverbal behavior may reveal real inner states) which has yielded some more positive and counter-intuitive results. Ekman has suggested that nonverbal behavior may indeed provide a clue to real feelings and has explored in some detail people actively involved in deception， where their verbal language is not a true indication of how they really feel. Ekman here agrees with Sigmund Freud， who was also convinced of the importance of nonverbal behavior in spotting deception when he wrote: "He that has eyes to see and ears to hear may convince himself that no mortal can keep a secret. If his lips are silent， he chatters with his finger-tips; betrayal oozes out of him at every pore."Ekman predicted that the feet and legs would probably hold the best clue to deception because although the face sends out very quick instantaneous messages， people attend to and receive most feedback from the face and therefore try to control it most. In the case of the feet and legs the "transmission time" is much longer but we have little feedback from this part of the body. In other words， we are often unaware of what we are doing with our feet and legs. Ekman suggested that the face is equipped to lie the most (because we are often aware of our facial expression) and to "leak" the most (because it sends out many fast momentary messages) and is therefore going to be a very confusing source of information during deception. The legs and feet would be the primary source of nonverbal leakage and hold the main clue to deception. The form the leakage in the legs and feet would take would include "aggressive foot kicks， flirtatious leg displays， abortive restless flight movements". Clues to deception could be seen in "tense leg positions， frequent shifts of leg posture， and in restless or repetitive leg and foot movements."Ekman conducted a series of experiments to test his speculations， some involving psychiatric patients who were engaging in deception， usually to obtain release from hospital. He made films of interviews involving the patients and showed these， without sound， to one of two groups of observers. One group viewed only the face and head， the other group， the body from the neck down. Each observer was given a list of 300 adjectives describing attitudes， emotional state， and so on， and had to say which adjectives best described the patients. The results indicated quite dramatically that individuals who utilized the face tended to be misled by the patients， whereas those who concentrated on the lower body were much more likely to detect the real state of the patients and not be misled by the attempted deception.These studies thus suggest that some body language may indeed reflect our real feelings， even when we are trying to disguise them. Most people can， however， manage to control facial expression quite well and the face often seems to provide little information about real feeling. Paul Ekman has more recently demonstrated that people can be trained to interpret facial expression more accurately but this， not surprisingly， is a slow laborious process. Ekman’s research， suggests that the feet and legs betray a great deal about real feelings and attitudes but the research is nowhere near identifying the meanings of particular foot movements. Ray Birdwhistell of the Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute has gone some way towards identifying some of the basic nonverbal elements of the legs and feet， and as a first approximation has identified 58 separate elements. But the meanings of these particular elements are far from clear and neither are the rules for combining the elements into larger meaningful units. Perhaps in years to come we will have a "language" of the feet provided that we can successfully surmount the problems described earlier in identifying the basic forms of movement following Birdwhistell’s pioneering efforts， of how they may combine into larger units， and in teaching people how they might make sense of apparently contradictory movements. In the meantime， if you go to a party and find someone peering intently at your feet – beware. *********Question:What does this passage want to tell the readers?
选项：
A:Researchers have developed a thorough knowledge about body language.
B:Spontaneous facial expression is not a very good index of real emotional state.
C:Some body language may indeed reflect people’s real feelings.
D:The study of body language is a newly emerged subject.
答案: 【Some body language may indeed reflect people’s real feelings.】
Lesson 3 Dealing with Unfamiliar Words
1、 问题:Task: Read the article about a kind of fitness training called HIIT. Then choose the best explanations for some of the words and expressions. HIIT: Is the fitness scene’s biggest fad doing more harm than good?1. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has been the darling of the fitness scene for a few years now. Fundamentally， it involves repetitions of short bursts of intense， ‘maximal effort’ exercise; usually for anywhere between 20 to 40 seconds.2. The theory behind HIIT is very appealing. By working out at your top level of exertion， you burn more calories in a short space of time than other workouts. What’s more， studies show that your metabolism stays in a heightened state for up to 24 hours after you’ve finished. And in practice， HIIT can have impressive results. It’s an effective tool for increasing cardiovascular fitness， sculpting your physique and increasing metabolic rate. Hence why HIIT classes are popping up all over the place. People have become accustomed to turning up to a class with loud music and dark lighting， just like a night club – and leaving in the same state: barely able to walk.3. However … I have a big bone to pick with HIIT， which is that there’s often no focus on form or technique in these classes， even though it’s now prescribed as the go-to form of exercise for everyone. Instead， the measure of a good HIIT sessions seems to be how ‘destroyed’ you feel after a class. It’s inevitable that problems arise from this ‘all pain for gain’ approach.4. One issue is simply that people are doing workouts that they’re not conditioned for. There is no emphasis on flexibility， mobility or activation in many HIIT classes; yet all are incredibly important in keeping the body fit and healthy as you age.5. What’s more， I regularly see people “smashing” multiple HIIT classes a day， 5-6 days per week. HIIT should not be done more than three times per week (at most)， because it is so strenuous. It puts an incredible strain on your nervous system， joints and muscles; especially if you are overweight and unfit.6. The HIIT approach to exercise has gone OTT. It’s entering unsustainable territory.7. HIIT’s rise in popularity is symptomatic of what is wrong with the fitness industry as a whole: a brazen disregard of the fundamentals， and a detrimental “one size fits all” mentality. Having trained 100s of clients in my five years as a personal trainer， the biggest issues most people have are a lack of flexibility， mobility and core strength， on top of muscle activation issues. All of the above can lead to chronic injuries and are further exacerbated by HIIT.8. My belief is that everyone should try to train like athletes do. I don’t mean the same training frequency and intensity as athletes， I mean the mentality and the approach. Having trained as a competitive sprinter for four years， I learned to take every aspect of my life into account: sleep， rest days， nutrition and weaknesses. I learnt to listen to my body. Some days I would wake up feeling tired and fatigued， so on those days I wouldn’t train hard. I would do something less intense and focus on recovery.9. Remember: burning calories isn’t the be all and end all of fitness and good health. Yes， HIIT may burn more calories than any other form of exercise， but it’s no use if it leads to injury or illness. Overtraining is a real danger: it can ruin your immune system， cause insomnia， affect your appetite and release cortisol， which in turn can make you more likely to put on fat. ********What does the word “fad” in the title probably mean?
选项：
A:Craze.
B:Program.
C:Liar.
D:(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)
答案: 【Craze.】
2、 问题:What does the author mean by saying “I have a big bone to pick with HIIT” in Par.3?
选项：
A:He would like to give some suggestions for HIIT goers.
B:He recommends this popular and effective fitness training.
C:He is annoyed by it and wants to talk about it.
D:(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)
答案: 【He is annoyed by it and wants to talk about it.】
3、 问题:What does the word “smash” probably mean in Par. 5?
选项：
A:Break something into pieces.
B:Hit something violently.
C:Do something fast or in large amount.
D:(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)
答案: 【Do something fast or in large amount.】
4、 问题:What does the abbreviation “OTT” probably mean in Par. 6?
选项：
A:Beyond what is considered normal.
B:Toward the end.
C:Very popular.
D:(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)
答案: 【Beyond what is considered normal.】
5、 问题:What does the word “symptomatic” mean in Par. 7?
选项：
A:Being a simple version.
B:Being a sign.
C:Being systematic.
D:(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)
答案: 【Being a sign.】
6、 问题:What does the word “fatigue” mean in Par. 8?
选项：
A:Exhausted.
B:Upset.
C:Depressed.
D:(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)
答案: 【Exhausted.】
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l expression) and to "leak" the most (be