At the isoelectric point, the net charge of the protein molecule is 0. Tm is directly related to the GC content of DNA a

Vitamins are a class of high molecular organic compounds 

A:对
B:错
答案: 错

Too much or too little fat-soluble vitamin can cause disease

A:对
B:错
答案: 对

Vitamin A deficiency can cause (  )

A:Night blindness
B:color blindness
C:cataract
D:chondropathy
E:albinism
答案: Night blindness

The vitamins containing metal elements are (  )

A:Vitamin B₁
B:vitamin B₂
C:vitamin B₆
D:vitamin C
E:vitamin B₁₂
答案: vitamin B₁₂

The coenzymes of α – keto acids decarboxylase come from (  )

A:Vitamin B₁
B:vitamin B₂
C:vitamin B₆
D:vitamin B₁₂
E:vitamin C
答案: Vitamin B₁

As for the corresponding relationship between vitamins and their active forms, the wrong one is (  )

A:Vitamin B₁-TPP
B:vitamin PP-CoA
C:vitamin B₂-FAD
D:Folic acid-FH₄
E:nicotinamide-NAD⁺
答案: vitamin PP-CoA

The fat soluble vitamins are (  )

A:Vitamin A
B:vitamin B
C:vitamin C
D:Vitamin D
E:vitamin E
答案: Vitamin A;Vitamin D;vitamin E

Vitamin D deficiency can cause (  )

A:cretinism
B:osteochondrosis
C:kidney stone
D:night blindness
E:rickets
答案: osteochondrosis;rickets

Which of the following are the active forms of pantothenic acid (  )

A:FAD
B:NAD⁺
C:CoA
D:FH₄
E:ACP
答案: CoA;ACP

Which of the following statements about vitamins is wrong (  )

A:It is a kind of low molecular weight organic compounds
B:The human body cannot synthesize itself
C:Tissue components that do not form the body
D:Oxidizable energy supply
E:It can be used as coenzyme to participate in metabolism
答案: The human body cannot synthesize itself;Oxidizable energy supply

The higher the K_m value of the enzyme, the lower the affinity to substrate.

A:对
B:错
答案: 对

All the enzymes have coenzymes or prosthetic groups.

A:对
B:错
答案: 错

The difference between coenzyme and prosthetic group is (  )

A:Different chemical essence
B:different physical and chemical properties
C:Different binding degree with enzyme protein
D:Containing different metal ions
E:different biological properties
答案: Different binding degree with enzyme protein

What determines the specificity of enzymatic reactions is (  )

A:coenzyme
B:prosthetic group
C:enzyme protein
D:Whole enzyme
E:cofactor
答案: enzyme protein

The mechanism of enzymatic reaction is (  )

A:reduce the activation energy of the reaction
B:reduce the free energy of the reaction
C:increase the free energy of the reaction
D:Increase the heat energy of the substrate
E:decrease the heat energy of the product
答案: reduce the activation energy of the reaction

The inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase by malonic acid belongs to (  )

A:Irreversible inhibition
B:competitive inhibition
C:non competitive inhibition
D:Anticompetitive inhibition
E:feedback inhibition
答案: competitive inhibition

Which of the following is true about Isoenzymes (  )

A:It can catalyze the same chemical reaction
B:generally, it is an oligoenzyme
C:It can exist in different tissues of the same individual
D:It has different physical and chemical properties
答案: It can catalyze the same chemical reaction;generally, it is an oligoenzyme;It can exist in different tissues of the same individual;It has different physical and chemical properties

The function of the essential group in the enzyme molecule is (  )

A:Binding with substrate
B:maintaining the spatial conformation of enzyme
C:To change the substrate chemically
D:to accept protons or groups in a reaction
答案: Binding with substrate;maintaining the spatial conformation of enzyme;To change the substrate chemically;to accept protons or groups in a reaction

Covalent modifications of enzymes include (  )

A:Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
B:acetylation and deacetylation
C:Methylation and demethylation
D:adenosylation and deadenylation
答案: Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation;acetylation and deacetylation;Methylation and demethylation;adenosylation and deadenylation

The characteristics of noncompetitive inhibition are (  )

A:The structure of inhibitor and substrate is not similar
B:the degree of inhibition depends on the concentration of inhibitor
C:The binding of the inhibitor to the active center of the enzyme
D:the binding of the enzyme to the inhibitor does not affect its binding to the substrate
答案: The structure of inhibitor and substrate is not similar;the degree of inhibition depends on the concentration of inhibitor;the binding of the enzyme to the inhibitor does not affect its binding to the substrate

Ubiquinone is not contained in any respiratory chain complex.

A:对
B:错
答案: 对

Respiratory chain complex II is the coupling site of oxidative phosphorylation.

A:对
B:错
答案: 错

The reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide is (  )

A:FADH 
B:FAD
C:FADH++
D:FADH₂
答案: FADH++

What type of gradient is critical to ATP formation by oxidative phosphorylation?

A:sodium ion
B:potassium ion
C:chloride ion
D:proton
答案: proton

Which of the following does not participate in, nor is a component of , the electron-transport chain?

A:coenzyme A
B:non-heme, iron-sulfur proteins
C:NADH
D:coenzyme Q
E:cytochrome c1
答案: coenzyme A

In the malate-aspartate shuttle, electrons from NADH are transferred to          , forming malate.

A:oxaloacelate
B:glutamate
C:acetate
D:aspartate
答案: oxaloacelate

Choose the correct path taken by a pair of electrons as it travels down the electron-transport chain.

A:NADH→complex I→CoQ→complex III→ Cyt c→complex IV→O₂
B:FADH₂→complex I→CoQ→complex III→ Cyt c→complex IV→O₂
C:NADH→complex I→complex II→complex III→ Cyt c→complex IV→O₂
D:FADH₂→complex II→CoQ→complex III→ Cyt c→complex IV→O₂
答案: NADH→complex I→CoQ→complex III→ Cyt c→complex IV→O₂;FADH₂→complex II→CoQ→complex III→ Cyt c→complex IV→O₂

Factors affecting oxidative phosphorylation include: (  )

A:ADP / ATP
B:thyroxine 
C:amiodarone
D:uncoupling agent
答案: ADP / ATP;thyroxine ;amiodarone;uncoupling agent

ATP synthase: (  )

A:It is composed of two parts, F1 and F0
B:F0 is the proton channel of mitochondrial inner membrane
C:F1 catalyzes the production and release of ATP
D:F1 is the hydrophobic part of the enzyme
答案: It is composed of two parts, F1 and F0;F0 is the proton channel of mitochondrial inner membrane;F1 catalyzes the production and release of ATP

The increase of basal metabolic rate in patients with hyperthyroidism is mainly due to: (  )

A:Increase of ADP decomposition
B:increase of ADP generation
C:Increased ATP decomposition
D:increased ATP production
答案: Increased ATP decomposition;increased ATP production

Aerobic oxidation is the major process to provide energy for most tissues.

A:对
B:错
答案: 对

Anaerobic oxidation cannot be carried out under aerobic conditions.

A:对
B:错
答案: 错

Which of the following is an energy-requiring step of glycolysis?

A:Lactate dehydrogenase
B:Phosphoglycerate kinase
C:Glucokinase
D:Phosphohexose isomerase
E:Pyruvate kinase
答案: Glucokinase

Which of the following are primary substrates for gluconeogenesis?

A:Galactose and fructose
B:Glycerol and alanine
C:Acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA
D:Sucrose and lactose
E:GTP and biotin
答案: Glycerol and alanine

When glycogen is synthesized, the direct donor of glucose group is (  )

A:CDPG
B:UDPG
C:glucose-1- phosphate
D:GDPG
E:glucose-6- phosphate
答案: UDPG

How much ATP can be produced by 1-acetyl-coa through the TCA cycle?

A:10
B:12
C:14
D:16
E:18
答案: 10

Which of the following pathway are only carried out in cytoplasm?

A:glycolysis
B:gluconeogenesis
C:pentose phosphate pathway
D:glycogen synthesis
答案: glycolysis;pentose phosphate pathway;glycogen synthesis

The hormones that raise blood sugar are (  )

A:glucagon
B:adrenaline 
C:glucocorticoid 
D:parathyroid hormone
答案: glucagon;adrenaline ;glucocorticoid ;parathyroid hormone

Approximately how many ATP can be produced during the completely oxidation of one glucose (  )

A:30
B:32
C:36
D:10
答案: 30;32

The physiological functions of pentose phosphate pathway include (  )

A:supply pentose phosphate
B:supply 3C compounds
C:Provide 4C compounds
D:provide NADPH + H⁺
答案: supply pentose phosphate;supply 3C compounds;Provide 4C compounds;provide NADPH + H⁺