courts and (B )，&nb
私法英语表达
法律体系
1
The contemporary legal systems of the world are generally based on one of four basic systems (A )， common law， statutory law， religious law or combinations of these.
A、civil law
B、common law
C、economic law
D、penal law
2
( B) are systems of law whose sources are the decision in cases by judges.
A、civil law
B、common law
C、economic law
D、penal law
3
Alongside， every system will have a ( ) that passes new laws and statute.(C)
A、administration
B、law enforcement agency
C、legislature
D、court
4
The phrase ( A) means “law that prescribes the procedures and methods for enforcing rights and duties and for obtaining redress”.
A、procedural law
B、civil law
C、common law
D、substantive law
5
The word ( B) means “to institute and carry forward legal action against for redress or especially punishment of a crime”.
A、legislature
B、prosecute
C、precedent
D、code
6
The word (C ) means “a judicial decision that should be followed by a judge when deciding a later similar case”.
A、prosecute
B、provision
C、precedent
D、statute
7
The phrase (D) means “law that creates or defines rights， duties， obligations， and causes of action that can be enforced by law”.
A、procedural law
B、civil law
C、common law
D、substantive law
8
The word ( C) means “a body of persons having the power to legislate”.
A、precedent
B、provision
C、legislature
D、statute
9
The word (A ) means “a stipulation made as a clause in a statute or contract made beforehand”.
A、provision
B、code
C、prosecute
D、legislature
10
The word ( D) means “a systematic compilation or revision of law or legal principles that is arranged especially by subject “.
A、legislature
B、prosecute
C、statute
D、code
11
The word (C ) means “a law enacted by the legislative branch of a government”.
A、prosecute
B、precedent
C、statute
D、code
法律职业者
1
The word (C ) means “a person authorized to act on another’s behalf; especially lawyer”.
A、advocacy
B、plaintiff
C、attorney
D、defendant
2
The phrase ( A) means “a body of laws and legal concepts which come down from old Roman laws established by Emperor Justinian”.
A、civil law
B、common law
C、economic law
D、penal law
3
The word (C ) means “the party who initiates a lawsuit by filing a complaint with the clerk of the court against the defendant(s) demanding damages， performance and/or court determination of rights”.
A、draft
B、advocacy
C、plaintiff
D、defendant
4
The word (D ) means “the party sued in a civil lawsuit or the party charged with a crime in a criminal prosecution; in some types of cases (such as divorce) a defendant may be called a respondent”.
A、attorney
B、allegation
C、plaintiff
D、defendant
5
The word ( D) means “to prepare and sign a bill of exchange or check”.
A、plaintiff
B、defendant
C、allegation
D、draft
6
The word ( A) means “the final decision by a court in a lawsuit， criminal prosecution or appeal from a lower court’s judgment”.
A、judgment
B、advocacy
C、draft
D、defendant
7
The word (B ) means “statement in a pleading”.
A、defendant
B、allegation
C、plaintiff
D、advocacy
8
The word ( B) means “the profession or work of an advocate; the action of advocating， pleading for， or supporting a cause or proposal”.
A、allegation
B、advocacy
C、attorney
D、draft
9
Lawyers in the United Kingdom (D ) generally practice as solicitors in private firms， as legal advisers in corporations， government departments， and advice agencies， or as barristers.
A、jury
B、tribunal
C、inquisitorial system
D、jurisdictions
10
(C ) mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation.
A、lawyers
B、solicitors
C、barristers
D、judge
11
Barristers’ tasks include taking cases in superior courts and (B )， drafting legal pleadings， researching the philosophy， hypothesis and history of law， and giving expert legal opinions.
A、jury
B、tribunal
C、inquisitorial system
D、jurisdictions
12
A (B ) is a legal practitioner who traditionally deals with most of the legal matters in some jurisdictions.
A、lawyers
B、solicitors
C、barristers
D、judge
13
A (D ) presides over court proceedings， either alone or as a part of a panel of judges.
A、lawyers
B、solicitors
C、barristers
D、judge
14
In some jurisdictions， the judge’s powers may be shared with a ( D).
A、lawyers
B、solicitors
C、barristers
D、jury
15
In ( C) of criminal investigation， a judge might also be an examining magistrate.
A、religious system
B、pluralistic systems
C、inquisitorial system
D、justice system
侵权法
1
The word ( A) means “from French for ‘wrong’， a civil wrong or wrongful act， whether intentional or accidental， from which injury occurs to another”.
A、tort
B、terminate
C、remedy
D、defamation
2
The word (D ) means “failure to exercise the care toward others which a reasonable or prudent person would do in the circumstances， or taking action which such a reasonable person would not”.
A、defamation
B、tortfeasor
C、terminate
D、negligence
3
The word (C ) means “the means to achieve justice in any matter in which legal rights are involved”.
A、terminate
B、tort
C、remedy
D、defamation
4
The word ( A) means “the act of making untrue statements about another which damages his/her reputation”.
A、defamation
B、tortfeasor
C、trespass
D、terminate
5
The word (D ) means “to come to an end in time or effect “.
A、trespass
B、tortfeasor
C、defamation
D、terminate
6
The word ( C) means “a person who commits a tort (civil wrong)， either intentionally or through negligence”.
A、remedy
B、terminate
C、tortfeasor
D、defamation
7
The word (B ) means “entering another person’s property without permission of the owner or his/her agent and without lawful authority (like that given to a health inspector) and causing any damage， no matter how slight”.
A、defamation
B、trespass
C、tort
D、negligence
8
A tort， in common law jurisdictions， is a civil wrong that unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm resulting in legal liability for the person who commits the tortious act， called a (D ).
A、liable
B、plaintiff
C、intentional
D、tortfeasor
9
The (A ) of the harm can recover their loss as damages in a lawsuit.
A、victim
B、injuries
C、liable
D、acquitted
10
In order to prevail， the (B) in the lawsuit， commonly referred to as the injured party， must show that the actions or lack of action was the legally recognizable cause of the harm.
A、acquitted
B、plaintiff
C、tortfeasor
D、physical
11
Legal injuries are not limited to ( C) and may include emotional， economic， or reputational injuries as well as violations of privacy， property， or constitutional rights.
A、plaintiff
B、acquitted
C、physical
D、liable
12
While many torts are the result of negligence， tort law also recognizes (C ) torts， where a person has intentionally acted in a way that harms another， and in a few cases (particularly for product liability in the United States) “strict liability” which allows recovery without the need to demonstrate negligence.
A、plaintiff
B、recovery
C、intentional
D、acquitted
13
Sometimes a plaintiff may prevail in a tort case even if the person who allegedly caused harm was (D ) in an earlier criminal trial.
A、injuries
B、tortfeasor
C、plaintiff
D、acquitted
14
For example， O. J. Simpson was acquitted in criminal court of murder but later found (liable) for the tort of wrongful death.
A、liable
B、liable
C、recovery
D、physical
sp;drafting legal pleadings，&n