Landfills and farms can have high concentrations of _____ which is hydrogen-rich chemical compound. A:hydrocarbon B:oxyg

The Chinese equivalent of ESAP is （      ）.

A:科技英语
B:通用英语
C:通用学术英语
D:专用学术英语
答案: 通用学术英语

The word “synergy” means （      ）based on its etymological explanation.

A:有效能量
B:协同作用
C:无用功
D:反感
答案: 协同作用

The word “oil” originally means “any kind of smooth greasy liquid” but later acquires the specific meaning of “petroleum”. This word-forming method is called （      ）.

A:Specialization
B:Specification
C:Generalization
D:Extension
答案: Specialization

Compounded words have four characteristics, among which （      ）refers to its spelling features.

A:orthographical
B:semantic
C:phonological
D:grammatical
答案: orthographical

Sour oil means oil that contains a relatively high proportion of （      ）.

A:hydrogen
B:carbon
C:sulfur
D:oxygen
答案: sulfur

The sun energizes photosynthesis and brings about the energy called （      ）.

A:chemical energy
B:kinetic energy
C:physical energy
D:geothermal energy
答案: chemical energy

Energy industry is the totality of all of the industries involved in the production and sale of energy, including fuel extraction, manufacturing, （      ） and distribution.

A:decomposing
B:defining
C:retailing
D:refining
答案: refining

The underlined word “tap” means （      ）in the following sentence—Oil is formed and then percolates up through cracks and porous rock to fill the reservoirs that humans tap to get oil.

A:利用
B:敲打
C:开采
D:轻拍
答案: 开采

Abbreviations can achieve brevity, conciseness, efficiency and economy. Therefore it is frequently used in the following domain EXCEPT （      ）.

A:new reports
B:academic papers
C:fiction writing
D:business writing
答案: fiction writing

Energy conversion efficiency (η) is the ratio between （      ）and （      ）.

A:consumption, production
B:input, output
C:production, consumption
D:output, input
答案: input, output

 (   ) is not a real coal, but only a precursor.

A:Anthracite
B:Peat
C:Bituminous coal
D:Lignite
答案: Peat

China is the largest coal (      ) country in 2017.

A:reserve
B:import
C:export
D:production 
答案: production 

 A tale of two Europes means (      ).

A:Western Europe and Eastern Europe
B:some countries in western Europe with coal exit and some countries in Eastern Europe not announcing coal phase-out
C:Northern Europe and Southern Europe
D:poor Europe and rich Europe
答案: some countries in western Europe with coal exit and some countries in Eastern Europe not announcing coal phase-out

The abiotic theory is developed in (      ) during the Cold War, as it needed to be self sufficient in terms of producing its own energy.

A:Soviet Union
B:Germany
C:China
D:America
答案: Soviet Union

Slightly more than half of the world’s proven reserves are located in (      ).

A:Latin America
B:Soviet Union
C:the Middle East
D:America
答案: the Middle East

In China, most natural gas is distributed in (      ).

A:plains
B:mountains
C:plateaus
D:basins 
答案: basins 

Which of the following are fossil fuels?

A:natural gas
B:coal
C:petroleum
D:renewable
答案: natural gas;coal;petroleum

The most significant uses of coal are in (      ).

A:steel production
B:liquid fuel
C:electricity generation
D:cement manufacturing
答案: steel production;liquid fuel;electricity generation;cement manufacturing

According to a report by British Petroleum (BP), Large supplies of coal are known to exist (proven reserves) or thought to be available in (     ).

A:South America
B:Europe
C:Asia
D:North America
答案: Europe;Asia;North America

Across much of Asia, coal demand grows due to its (      ).

A:affordability
B:nonrenewable
C:efficiency
D:availability
答案: affordability;availability

In the argument about the origin of oil, scientists should avoid letting (      ) prevent them from accepting the truth, whatever that proves to be.

A:scientific competition
B:energy shortage
C:previous ideas
D:politics
答案: scientific competition;previous ideas;politics

Petroleum is a (      ) mixture of solid, liquid, and gaseous hydrocarbons that occurs naturally beneath the Earth’s surface.

A:yellow-to-black
B:thick
C:thin
D:flammable
答案: yellow-to-black;thick;flammable

According to the report by EIA in 2018, the top three countries by oil production are (     ).

A:the USA
B:Russia
C:Iran
D:Saudi Arabia
答案: the USA;Russia;Saudi Arabia

Fossil fuels originated from dinosaurs.

A:对
B:错
答案: 错

To carry coals to Newcastle is like to pour sand on the beach.

A:错
B:对
答案: 对

In order to reduce the consumption of coal , China has tried its best to invest in renewable energy and to adopt new technology to improve the efficiency in industry. 

A:错
B:对
答案: 对

The word “petroleum” originated in Latin which means “rock oil”.

A:对
B:错
答案: 对

Oil and natural gas are often found in similar areas, although natural gas will almost certainly be higher in the ground and under less pressure than oil.

A:对
B:错
答案: 错

Fuel cell engines (燃料电池发动机) are two to three times more efficient than combustion engines, meaning that much greater fuel economy is available using hydrogen in a fuel cell.

A:对
B:错
答案: 对

A fuel cell is a device that produces electricity from chemical fuels, in just one step. Unlike batteries, fuel cells don’t run down or need recharging. As long as there is a constant source of fuel and oxygen, fuel cells will continue to generate power. And they don’t burn the fuel – the electricity is produced directly.

A:对
B:错
答案: 对

We are more independent on electricity than we were generations ago so a failure of supply today can have major consequences.

A:错
B:对
答案: 错

Because the fuel cell is so much more efficient that the internal combustion engine, fueling a fuel cell car can cost around the same as fueling a gasoline car.

A:对
B:错
答案: 对

Refueling a fuel cell car is more complex and dangerous than with traditional gasoline vehicles.

A:对
B:错
答案: 错

Solar panels, wind turbines, hydro power and geothermal energy and hydrocarbons (natural gas or coal) can all be used to produce hydrogen (a primary energy).

A:对
B:错
答案: 错

Electrolysis can use wind, solar, geothermal, fossil fuels, biomass, nuclear, and many other energy sources.

A:对
B:错
答案: 对

Ways to produce hydrogen fuel include producing it from nuclear power, biomass, algae, artificial photosynthesis, direct solar and coal gasification.

A:错
B:对
答案: 对

Solar power causes no pollution at all.

A:对
B:错
答案: 错

Seasonal variations in precipitation and long-term changes in precipitation patterns, such as droughts, have a big impact on hydropower production.

A:错
B:对
答案: 对

Petroleum and natural gas beneath the ocean floor are also considered a form of ocean energy.

A:错
B:对
答案: 对

Hydropower systems build pressure either by containing the water behind a dam, or within a pipe that runs down a hill. The weight of the water behind the dam or in the pipe creates pressure at the bottom. More height creates more pressure, and more pressure means we can get more power from the flow of water.

A:错
B:对
答案: 对

The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies.

A:错
B:对
答案: 对

New energy vehicles are driven by the enery of ______. It is believed that they reduce our dependence on petroleum and may reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

A:sunshine
B:electricity
C:wind
D:hydrogen
答案: hydrogen

_____ is the first element on the periodic table, making it the lightest element. Since it is so light, it rises in the atmosphere and is therefore rarely found in its pure form.

A:Nitrogen
B:Oxygen
C:Carbon
D:Hydrogen
答案: Hydrogen

In a flame of pure hydrogen gas, burning in air, the hydrogen reacts with oxygen to form water and releases _______.

A:little hydrogen
B:waste
C:energy
D:little oxygen
答案: energy

______ has the highest energy content of all known conventional fuels (by weight). It has almost 3 times more energy content by mass than ______.

A:Oxygen, fossil fuels
B:Hydrogen, oil
C:Oxygen, gasoline
D:Hydrogen, gasoline
答案: Hydrogen, gasoline

The only products that come out of a fuel cell are _______. No pollution or other dirty byproducts come out of the tailpipe of a fuel cell car.

A:energy, water vapor, and oxygen
B:electricity and hydrogen
C:electricity, heat and water
D:water and oxygen
答案: electricity, heat and water

Fuel cells are versatile as they can scale up easily and meet a variety of power needs – large or small. You can ____ individual fuel cells to increase the amount of power they can provide. The taller the stack, the more power you have.

A:install
B:stack
C:divide
D:separate
答案: stack

Pure hydrogen does not occur naturally on Earth in large quantities, and it is locked up in enormous quantities in water, hydrocarbons, and other ______. One of the challenges of using hydrogen as a fuel comes from being able to efficiently extract hydrogen from these compounds (化合物).

A:organic matter
B:plants
C:inorganic matter
D:fossil fuels
答案: organic matter

______ is an energy form found in nature that has not been subjected to any human engineered conversion process. It is energy contained in raw fuels, and other forms of energy received as input to a system.

A:Preliminary energy
B:Principal energy
C:Premium energy
D:Primary energy
答案: Primary energy

In electrolysis, electricity is run through water to separate the _____ and _____ atoms.

A:hydrogen, oxygen
B:hydrogen, water
C:water, heat
D:hydrogen, energy
答案: hydrogen, oxygen

Manufacturers of hydrogen generators have developed methods to use lower amounts of electricity to split water into hydrogen. Different electrolytes or catalysts are used in _______ the bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms that make up water.

A:loosening
B:splitting
C:strengthening
D:separating
答案: loosening

The scientists and researchers have mostly decided that using nuclear power plants that are currently online may be able to produce hydrogen fuel as a byproduct of the water that they are already using to cool the ____.

A:reactors
B:nuclear fusion
C:nuclear fission
D:nuclear tower
答案: reactors

Landfills and farms can have high concentrations of _____ which is hydrogen-rich chemical compound.

A:hydrocarbon
B:oxygen
C:methane
D:carbon dioxide
答案: methane

Most of today’s hydrogen is produced from natural gas through a process called steam methane reforming. This is where steam and _______come together under high temperature to produce hydrogen.

A:water
B:hydrocarbons
C:oxygen
D:methane
答案: hydrocarbons

A raging river contains ____ energy ____a small stream.

A:same, with
B:less, than
C:more, than
D:all possibilities above
答案: more, than

Beams of sunshine are waves of light and heat energy, radiated across 93 million miles of space to reach our earth in about ________.

A:a year
B:eight minutes
C:a second
D:an hour
答案: eight minutes

Sunlight reaches us by radiation. Radiation travels in electromagnetic waves consisting of ______, and when the energy waves reach an object, they can either pass through it, or be reflected, or be absorbed, depending on the material. PVs are made out of a semi-conducting material. When they absorb photons of sunlight, the energy of the photons dislodges electrons from their atoms. The PV’s special coating attracts free electrons to the surface, and it is this movement of electrons that produces the electrical current.

A:neutrons
B:photons
C:electrons
D:atoms
答案: photons

Floatovoltaics reduce the need of valuable land area, save drinking water that would otherwise be lost through ______, and show a higher efficiency of solar energy conversion, as the panels are kept at a _____ temperature than they would be on land.

A:precipitation, cooler
B:evaporation, hotter
C:precipitation, hotter
D:evaporation, cooler
答案: evaporation, cooler

The island of Ta’u in American Samoa, small in size though, is large when it comes to renewable energy. It producing 100% of its electricity from solar power. The batteries store energy for up to ____ days on which the sun doesn’t shine.

A:thirty
B:three
C:three hundred
D:one
答案: three

Hydrogen fuel can be harvested from biomass. ______, ________ and ______ are three places that create much biomass.

A:farms
B:landfills
C:sewage plants
D:hospital
答案: farms;landfills;sewage plants

The amount of _____ that drains into rivers and streams in a geographic area determines the amount of water available for producing hydropower.

A:precipitation
B:snowfall
C:raindrop
D:flood
答案: precipitation;snowfall;raindrop

The volume of the water flow and the change in _____ from one point to another determine the amount of available energy in moving water.

A:water speed
B:water flow
C:fall
D:elevation
答案: fall;elevation

Water wheels are machines that use the energy of ______ to turn a wheel. The axle of the turning wheel can then power other machines to do work.

A:flowing water
B:neither of them
C:or falling water
D:or both
答案: flowing water;or falling water;or both

The Three Gorges Dam has brought benefits to Chinese people mainly in __________.

A:navigation improvement
B:tourism opportunities
C:power generation
D:flood control
答案: navigation improvement;tourism opportunities;power generation;flood control

New nuclear is impractical in western countries because of ________.

A:oft demand for multiple reactor units
B:popular opposition
C:regulatory uncertainty
D:high costs
答案: oft demand for multiple reactor units;popular opposition;regulatory uncertainty;high costs

Strong ocean currents are generated from a combination of temperature, wind, salinity, bathymetry, and the rotation of the Earth. The Sun acts as the primary driving force, causing _____________.

A:temperature differences
B:winds
C:currents
D:tides
答案: temperature differences;winds

Common environmental concerns associated with marine energy developments include ____.

A:the effects of EMF and underwater noise emitted from operating marine energy devices
B:the potential effect on nearfield and farfield marine environment and processes such as sediment transport and water quality
C:the risk of marine mammals and fish being struck by tidal turbine blades
D:the physical presence of marine energy projects and their potential to alter the behavior of marine mammals, fish, and seabirds with attraction or avoidance
答案: the effects of EMF and underwater noise emitted from operating marine energy devices;the potential effect on nearfield and farfield marine environment and processes such as sediment transport and water quality;the risk of marine mammals and fish being struck by tidal turbine blades;the physical presence of marine energy projects and their potential to alter the behavior of marine mammals, fish, and seabirds with attraction or avoidance